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The Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) is a bibliographic and library classification developed by the Belgian bibliographers Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine at the end of the 19th century. UDC provides a systematic arrangement of all branches of human knowledge organized as a coherent system in which knowledge fields are related and inter-linked.〔(UDC Fact Sheet ), UDC Consortium website〕〔(I. C. "Universal Decimal Classification: a guide to its use. Revised ed. The Hague: UDC Consortium, 2007 )〕〔(McIlwaine, I. C. (2010) Universal Decimal Classification (UDC). In: Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences. 3rd ed. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2010. Vol. 1:1, pp. 5432-5439. DOI: 10.1081/E-ELIS3-120043532 )〕〔Broughton, V: Universal Decimal Classification - chapters 18 and 19. IN: Essential Classification. London: Facet Publishing, 2004, pp. 207-256〕 Originally based on the Dewey Decimal Classification, the UDC was developed as a new analytico-synthetic classification system with a significantly larger vocabulary and syntax that enables very detailed content indexing and information retrieval in large collections.〔(UDC History ), "About UDC" - UDC Consortium website〕〔(McIlwaine, I. C. (1997) The Universal Decimal Classification: Some factors concerning its origins, development, and influence. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 48 (4), pp. 331–339 )〕 In its first edition in 1905, the UDC already included many features that were revolutionary in the context of knowledge classifications: tables of generally applicable (aspect-free) concepts - called common auxiliary tables; a series of special auxiliary tables with specific but re-usable attributes in a particular field of knowledge; an expressive notational system with connecting symbols and syntax rules to enable coordination of subjects and the creation of a documentation language proper. Albeit originally designed as an indexing and retrieval system, due to its logical structure and scalability, UDC has become one of the most widely used knowledge organization systems in libraries, where it is used for either shelf arrangement, content indexing or both.〔(Slavic, A. (2004) UDC implementation: from library shelves to a structured indexing language. International Cataloguing and Bibliographic Control , 33 3(2004), 60-65. )〕 UDC codes can describe any type of document or object to any desired level of detail. These can include textual documents and other media such as films, video and sound recordings, illustrations, maps as well as realia such as museum objects. Since the first edition in French "Manuel du Répertoire bibliographique universel" (1905), UDC has been translated and published in various editions in 40 languages.〔(UDC Editions ), UDC Consortium website〕〔(Slavic, A. (2004) UDC Translations: a 2004 Survey Report and Bibliography. Extensions & Corrections to the UDC, 26 (2004): 58-80. )〕 UDC Summary, an abridged Web version of the scheme is available in over 50 languages.〔 The classification has been modified and extended over the years to cope with increasing output in all areas of human knowledge, and is still under continuous review to take account of new developments.〔(Major Revisions of the UDC 1993-2013 ), UDC Consortium website〕〔(Slavic, A., Cordeiro, M. I. & Riesthuis, G. (2008) Maintenance of the Universal Decimal Classification: overview of the past and preparations for the future. International Cataloguing and Bibliographic Control, 37 (2), 23-29. )〕 == The application of UDC == UDC is used in around 150,000 libraries in 130 countries and in many bibliographical services which require detailed content indexing. In a number of countries it is the main classification system for information exchange and is used in all type of libraries: public, school, academic and special libraries.〔(Slavic, A. (2008) Use of the Universal Decimal Classification: a worldwide survey. Journal of Documentation, 64 (2), 2008: 211-228. )〕〔( UDC Users Worldwide ), UDC Consortium website〕〔(UDC Countries ), UDC Consortium website〕 UDC is also used in national bibliographies of around 30 countries. Examples of large databases indexed by UDC include:〔(Collections indexed by UDC ), UDC Consortium website〕 : NEBIS (The Network of Libraries and Information Centers in Switzerland) - 2.6 million records : COBIB.SI (Slovenian National Union Catalogue) - 3.5 million records : Hungarian National Union Catalogue (MOKKA) - 2.9 million records : VINITI RAS database (All-Russian Scientific and Technical Information Institute of Russian Academy of Science) with 28 million records : Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts (MGA) with 600 journal titles : PORBASE (Portuguese National Bibliography) with 1.5 million records UDC has traditionally been used for the indexing of scientific articles which was an important source of information of scientific output in the period predating electronic publishing. Collections of research articles in many countries covering decades of scientific output contain UDC codes. Examples of journal articles indexed by UDC: :UDC code 663.12:57.06 in the article "Yeast Systematics: from Phenotype to Genotype" in the journal ''Food Technology and Biotechnology'' (ISSN: 1330-9862) 〔(Example: Journal article indexed by UDC (ISSN: 1330-9862) )〕 :UDC code 37.037:796.56, provided in the article "The game method as means of interface of technical-tactical and psychological preparation in sports orienteering" in the Russian journal "''Pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of the physical culture and sport''" (ISSN 2070-4798).〔(Example: Journal article indexed by UDC (ISSN: 2070-4798) )〕 :UDC code 621.715:621.924:539.3 in the article Residual Stress in Shot-Peened Sheets of AIMg4.5Mn Alloy - in the journal ''Materials and technology'' (ISSN 1580-2949).〔(Example: Journal article indexed by UDC (ISSN: 1580-2949) )〕 : The design of UDC lends itself to machine readability, and the system has been used both with early automatic mechanical sorting devices, and modern library OPACs.〔(Slavic, A. (2006) The level of exploitation of Universal Decimal Classification in library OPACs: a pilot study. Vjesnik bibliotekara Hrvatske, 49(3-4):155-182 )〕〔(Slavic, A. (2006) UDC in subject gateways: experiment or opportunity? Knowledge Organization, 33 2, 67-85. )〕 From 1993, a standard version of UDC is maintained and is distributed in a database format: UDC Master Reference File (UDC MRF) which is updated and released annually.〔(UDC Master Reference File ), UDC Consortium website〕 The 2011 version of the MRF (released in 2012) contains over 70,000 classes.〔 In the past full printed editions used to have around 220,000 subdivisions. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Universal Decimal Classification」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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